2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitochondria use multiple carbon fuels to produce ATP and metabolites, including pyruvate, which is generated from glycolysis; amino acids such as glutamine; and fatty acids. These carbon fuels feed into the TCA cycle in the mitochondrial matrix to generate the reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2, which deliver their electrons to the electron transport chain. Mitochondria are complex organelles that play an important role in many facets of cellular function, from metabolism to immune regulation and cell death. Mitochondria are actively involved in a wide variety of cellular processes and molecular interactions, such as calcium buffering, lipid flux, and intracellular signaling. It is increasingly recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases such as obesity/diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondrial metabolism is a key determinant of tumor progression by impacting on functions such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mitochondrial metabolism and derived oncometabolites shape the epigenetic landscape to alter aggressiveness features of cancer cells. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism are relevant for the survival of tumors in response to therapy.

Mitochondrial Metabolism Related Products (170):

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity
  • HY-100410
    FCCP 99.51%
    FCCP is an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in mitochondria. FCCP induces activation of PINK1 leading to Parkin Ser65 phosphorylation[1].
  • HY-B1756
    Rotenone Inhibitor
    Rotenone is a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitor. Rotenone induces apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.
  • HY-112879
    Mito-TEMPO
    Mito-TEMPO is a mitochondria-targeted superoxide dismutase mimetic with superoxide and alkyl radical scavenging properties[1].
  • HY-D1055
    MitoSOX Red
    MitoSOX Red is a live cell fluorescent probe that specifically targets mitochondria and is cell membrane permeable. MitoSOX Red enters mitochondria and is oxidized by superoxide but not by other ROS or RNS generating systems. The oxidized MitoSOX Red then binds to nucleic acids in mitochondria/nucleus, producing strong red fluorescence. MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator to specifically detect superoxide. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) can prevent the oxidation of MitoSOX Red.
    Excitation/emission wavelength: 510/580 nm.
  • HY-100941
    CCCP Inhibitor 99.83%
    CCCP is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) uncoupler. CCCP induces activation of PINK1 leading to Parkin Ser65 phosphorylation[1].
  • HY-W015114R
    L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (Standard)
    L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid (disodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid (disodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium is an epigenetic modifier and putative oncometabolite in renal cancer. L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium can inhibit histone demethylases and hence promote histone methylation[1]. L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid inhibits mitochondrial creatine kinase (Mi-CK) activity with Km and Ki of 2.52 mM and 11.13 mM, respectively[2].
  • HY-P0125B
    Elamipretide triacetate Inhibitor 99.63%
    Elamipretide triacetate (MTP-131 triacetate; RX-31 triacetate; SS-31 triacetate) is Elamipretide triacetate form of Elamipretide (HY-P0125). Elamipretide triacetate is a mitochondria-targeting peptide, which ameliorates myocardial infarction, improves the renal function and protects neurons form inflammatory and oxidative stress injury[1][2].
  • HY-P0125A
    Elamipretide TFA Inhibitor
    Elamipretide TFA (MTP-131 TFA; RX-31 TFA; SS-31 TFA) is the TFA salt form of Elamipretide (HY-P0125). Elamipretide TFA is a mitochondria-targeting peptide, which ameliorates myocardial infarction, improves the renal function and protects neurons form inflammatory and oxidative stress injury[1][2].
  • HY-157933
    SF-C5-TPP
    SF-C5-TPP is an potent mitochondria-targeted protonophoric uncoupler. SF-C5-TPP has significant proton transfer activity on model planar bilayer lipid membranes. SF-C5-TPP inhibits the growth of Bacillus subtilis with a MIC of 2 μM>[1].
  • HY-N0492
    α-Lipoic Acid
    α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. α-Lipoic Acid inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation[1][2][3]. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells[4]. α-Lipoic Acid can be used with CPUL1 (HY-151802) to construct the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, which has improved antitumor efficacy than CPUL1[5].
  • HY-134769
    OPC-163493
    OPC-163493 is an orally active liver-targeted mitochondrial uncoupling agent. OPC-163493 reduces Δψ and mitochondrial ROS production. OPC-163493 has antidiabetic and cardiovascular beneficial effects. OPC-163493 lowers blood pressure, extends survival, and improves renal function in the rat model of stroke/hypertension[1].
  • HY-156622
    Leramistat Inhibitor 98.00%
    Leramistat (HMC-C-01-A; MBS2320) is a mitochondrial complex 1 inhibitor, involving in cell metabolism immune metabolism regulation. Leramistat also inhibits ATP production in Thp1 human monocytes (IC50: 0.63 μM). Leramistat inhibits atopic dermatitis and other skin diseases autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancer; and also inhibits osteoclast mediated disease[1][2][3].
  • HY-155554
    SCAL-255 Inhibitor
    SCAL-255 is a potent mitochondrial complex I (CI) inhibitor with IC50 of 1.14 μM. SCAL-255 blocks mitochondrial function, inhibits OCR, induces ROS production, and reduces MMP. SCAL-255 displays a considerable antiproliferation effect against oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-dependent cancer cells[1].
  • HY-133859
    M084 Inhibitor
    M084 is a benzimidazole derivative. M084 inhibits the mitochondrial respiration, activate mitochondrial unfolded protein response and AMPK, recruites SIR-2.1 and SKN-1, and finally through the transcription factor DAF-16, delays the aging process of C. elegans[1].
  • HY-B0356B
    Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate Inhibitor 99.90%
    Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) hydrochloride monohydrate is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity[1][2][3][4].
  • HY-130055
    HQNO Inhibitor 99.14%
    HQNO, secreted by P. aeruginosa, is a potent electron transport chain inhibitor with a Kd of 64 nM for complex III[1]. HQNO is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial NDH-2 in many species[2].
  • HY-126222A
    MitoTam iodide, hydriodide Inhibitor 98.83%
    MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is a Tamoxifen derivative[1], an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor, spreduces mitochondrial membrane potential in senescent cells and affects mitochondrial morphology[2]. MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is an effective anticancer agent, suppresses respiratory complexes (CI-respiration) and disrupts respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) formation in breast cancer cells[1][2]. MitoTam iodide, hydriodide causes apoptosis[2].
  • HY-144906
    THP104c Inhibitor 98.89%
    THP104c is a mitochondrial fission inhibitor[1].
  • HY-N4202
    Dihydrorotenone Inhibitor 98.72%
    Dihydrorotenone, a natural pesticide, is a potent mitochondrial inhibitor. Dihydrorotenone probably induces Parkinsonian syndrome. Dihydrorotenone induces human plasma cell apoptosis by triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress and activating p38 signaling pathway[1].
  • HY-134832
    Mito-LND
    Mito-LND (Mito-Lonidamine) is an orally active and mitochondria-targeted inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mito-LND inhibits mitochondrial bioenergetics, stimulates the formation of reactive oxygen species, and induces autophagic cell death in lung cancer cells[1].